[DOWNLOAD] ~ Comparison of Feminine Gender Norms Among Spanish and American College Women (Report) ~ by Psychology (Irvine) ~ Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Comparison of Feminine Gender Norms Among Spanish and American College Women (Report)
- Author : Psychology (Irvine)
- Release Date : January 01, 2011
- Genre: Psychology,Books,Health, Mind & Body,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 227 KB
Description
Introduction The empirical study on the meaning of masculinity and femininity gained in importance in the 70s. Various researchers (e.g. Baucom, 1976; Bem, 1974; Heilbrum, 1976; Spence & Helmreich, 1974) developed scales based on concepts of instrumentality-expressiveness (Parsons & Bales, 1955), identifying masculinity and femininity with each other in terms of these independent dimensions. This marking of the boundary for femininity and masculinity in terms of social desirability is the starting point for the criticisms which appear nowadays against these new scales, since if masculinity and femininity are concepts conditioned by historical evolution and social construction, it does not seem very convenient to fix them in such a rigid background as that of instrumentality-expressiveness (Auster & Ohm, 2000; Marsh & Myers, 1986; Woodhill & Samuels, 2003). Another of the limitations highlighted is that these measures examine femininity and masculinity via global indices, without taking into account the multidimensionality reflected by these concepts, both by their own theoretical definition and by the results that some researches show at the present time (Coan, 1989; Fernandez, Quiroga, Olmo, & Rodriguez, 2007; Mahalik et al.; 2003).
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